Fallacies:
1. Ad Hominem Argument - issuing an attack on the person making the argument instead of the argument.
2. Appeal to the Majority (ad populum argument) - since many people believe it, it is the truth.
3. Quote Mining - lifting out quotes from various literary sources, usually to support once argument and taken in the wrong context.
3. Man-on-the-street Interview - combination of appeal to majority and quote mining. Getting opinions from anyone randomly on the street.
4. Foundational Bias - admitting bias towards a certain conclusion before making an argument. Based on personal belief and preference.
5. Straw Man Argument - misrepresenting or oversimplification of an opponents argument and destroying it because it is too simplistic. Not responding to the substance of the argument.
6. Hasty Generalization - drawing conclusions from a minor subset of data.
7. Argument from Authority - using an authority on a subject to validate once arguments and exempting such arguments from criticism because they were made by a person in authority.
8. Non sequitur - "Does not follow." Does not follow from a logical train of thought. No relation with what is in reality.
9. Red Herring - a distraction technique. Making an irrelevant point to a point made, although it might be valid.
10. Argument from personal incredulity - because a person does not like or believe something, it is false.
11. Argument from ignorance - a premise is false because it has not been proven true and vice versa. "God of the gaps."
12. Violation of the Philosophy of Science - Science and the scientific method cannot be used to explain the supernatural.
13. Equivocation - misleading use of a word with more than one meaning. "theory" in science is different from theory in the conventional sense of the word.
14. False Dichotomy - two mutually exclusive options are set up as the only possible choices, if one is true the other is false. Fallacy: they might not be mutually exclusive.
15. Begging the Question - "Circular Reasoning." Conclusion is explicitly or implicitly assumed in the premise.
16. Tautology - premise and conclusion of an argument are identical. Does not prove anything.
17. False Premise - the conclusion of an argument is invalidated by an incorrect assumption in one of the premises.
18. Ad Hoc Reasoning - "For this purpose." Salvages an argument that rests upon a shaky foundation.
19. Slippery Slope - accepting a certain argument will lead to an undesirable outcome so the argument is false.
20. Correlation Implies Causation - because two events are correlated, they have a cause and effect
relationship.
21. Creative Math - odds of something happening without a given argument (e.g. Creationism) is small.
22. Moving the Goalposts - rules to obtain a satisfactory completion of a goal is changed just as it is being accomplished.
23. Plain Nonsense - massive disconnect from reality.
24. Outright Lie
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